Multilevel Parallel Communications

The research reported in this thesis investigates the use of parallelism at multiple levels to realize high-speed networks that offer advantages in throughput, cost, reliability, and flexibility over alternative approaches. This research specifically considers use of parallelism at two levels: the upper level and the lower level. At the upper level, N protocol processors perform functions included in the transport and network layers. At the lower level, M channels provide data and physical layer functions. The resulting system provides very high bandwidth to an application. A key concept of this research is the use of replicated channels to provide a single, high bandwidth channel to a single application. The parallelism provided by the network is transparent to communicating applications, thus differentiating this strategy from schemes that provide a collection of disjoint channels between applications on different nodes. Another innovative aspect of this research is that parallelism is exploited at multiple layers of the network to provide high throughput not only at the physical layer, but also at upper protocol layers. Schedulers are used to distribute data from a single stream to multiple channels and to merge data from multiple channels to reconstruct a single coherent stream. High throughput is possible by providing the combined bandwidth of multiple channels to a single source and destination through use of parallelism at multiple protocol layers. This strategy is cost effective since systems can be built using standard technologies that benefit from the economies of a broad applications base. The exotic and revolutionary components needed in non-parallel approaches to build high speed networks are not required. The replicated channels can be used to achieve high reliability as well. Multilevel parallelism is flexible since the degree of parallelism provided at any level can be matched to protocol processing demands and application requirements

Morphological Phase Separation in Unstable Thin Films: Pattern Formation and Growth

We present results from a comprehensive numerical study of {\it morphological phase separation} (MPS) in unstable thin liquid films on a 2-dimensional substrate. We study the quantitative properties of the evolution morphology via several experimentally relevant markers, e.g., correlation function, structure factor, domain-size and defect-size probability distributions, and growth laws. Our results suggest that the late-stage morphologies exhibit dynamical scaling, and their evolution is self-similar in time. We emphasize the analogies and differences between MPS in films and segregation kinetics in unstable binary mixtures.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physic

On the Power of Multi-Objects

In the standard ``single-object\u27\u27 model of shared-memory computing, it is assumed that a process accesses at most one shared object in each of its steps. In this paper, we consider a more powerful variant---the ``multi-object\u27\u27 model---in which each process may access *any* finite number of shared objects atomically in each of its steps. We present results that relate the synchronization power of a type in the multi-object model to its synchronization power in the single-object model. Although the types fetch&add and swap have the same synchronization power in the single-object model, Afek, Merritt, and Taubenfeld showed that their synchronization powers differ in the multi-object model. We prove that this divergence phenomenon is exhibited {\em only\/} by types at levels 1 and 2; all higher level types have the same unbounded synchronization power in the multi-object model stated above. This paper identifies all possible relationships between a type\u27s synchronization power in the single-object model and its synchronization power in the multi-object model

Spinodal Phase Separation in Liquid Films with Quenched Disorder

We study spinodal phase separation in unstable thin liquid films on chemically disordered substrates via simulations of the thin-film equation. The disorder is characterized by immobile patches of varying size and Hamaker constant. The effect of disorder is pronounced in the early stages (amplification of fluctuations), remains during the intermediate stages and vanishes in the late stages (domain growth). These findings are in contrast to the well-known effects of quenched disorder in usual phase-separation processes, viz., the early stages remain undisturbed and domain growth is slowed down in the asymptotic regime. We also address the inverse problem of estimating disorder by thin-film experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Kinetics of Spinodal Phase Separation in Unstable Thin Liquid Films

We study universality in the kinetics of spinodal phase separation in unstable thin liquid films, via simulations of the thin film equation. It is shown that in addition to morphology and free energy,the number density of local maxima in the film profile can also be used to identify the early, intermediate and late stages of spinodal phase separation. A universal curve between the number density of local maxima and rescaled time describes the kinetics of early stage in d = 2, 3. The Lifshitz-Slyozov exponent of -1/3 describes the kinetics of the late stage in d = 2 even in the absence of coexisting equilibrium phases.Comment: 5 figure

Analysis of Magneto-inductive System for Rocket Sled Velocity Measurement Beyond Mach 1.5

The rail track rocket sled (RTRS) national test facility at Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) has been established to provide simulated flight environment for carrying out aero dynamic studies, terminal studies and kinematic studies of variety of test articles. The sled velocity is a critical parameter in evaluation trials.  This velocity is also used to ensure that the maximum speed and allowable g loading does not exceed the value which the test article will experience under free flight in air1. Overseas, the facilities have been set up to attain velocities ranging from sub-sonic to hypersonic2. The rocket sled at TBRL can be presently accelerated to travel along the rail track at velocities up to 500 m/s and capability is being built to increase velocity beyond 500 m/s. Signals acquired from existing magneto-inductive arrangement have been analysed in the present work. The experiments indicate that with increase in velocity the rate of change of flux increases, the amplitude of induced emf also increases but terminal voltage decreases and shape of the acquired pulse gets distorted. The parameters of magneto-inductive pick up have been modified in such a way that there is improvement in amplitude and shape of the received pulse with increase in velocity. The improved signals have been analysed and simulation results validated with feasible experiments. This paper also discusses issues, challenges and proposes recommendations in improving the sensor for measurement of velocity beyond Mach 1.5. It has been found that it is prudent to reduce the inductance by reducing the number of turns and changing the core from soft iron core to air core which will improve the response of inductive pick up coil at high velocity.Defence Science Journal, 2014, 64(2), pp. 143-151. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.503

Hyperkalaemic paralysis presenting as ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case report

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

A UML MODEL FOR AUTOMATION OF COUNSELING SYSTEM USING PURE OBJECT ORIENTED APPROCH

ABSTRACT In present, most institutes and universities facing the counseling problem to allocate the course and college (combination) to student from three choice preferences by entrance exam marks. Currently this is carried out by manually by the institutes/universities, the current need to get an automation model that automatically allocates the combination to the each student according to their given preferences by gained entrance exam marks. Using this paper authors proposed the automation system by UML model to solve the above problem, that automation system automatically allocates the course combination to the student by student's given three preferences and gained entrance marks and average rank. Using this automation system, seats automatically allocated. As well as UML based counseling automation system also supports to administrator to allocate (inserted) the payment seats into automation system, then automation counseling system manipulates payments seats students also with ranked students. The automation is designed Using Unified Modeling Language (UML) model. To design the automation system, authors proposed the UML Automation Process Diagram, Class Diagram, State Diagram and Sequence Diagram to acquire automation process because the UML models are directly supported to pure object oriented application development. We assume three courses and three institutes as nine combinations, for allocation

Amplification of Fluctuations in Unstable Systems with Disorder

We study the early-stage kinetics of thermodynamically unstable systems with quenched disorder. We show analytically that the growth of initial fluctuations is amplified by the presence of disorder. This is confirmed by numerical simulations of morphological phase separation (MPS) in thin liquid films and spinodal decomposition (SD) in binary mixtures. We also discuss the experimental implications of our results.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Monocrotophos Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells: Role of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Cytochrome P450s

Monocrotophos (MCP) is a widely used organophosphate (OP) pesticide. We studied apoptotic changes and their correlation with expression of selected cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in PC12 cells exposed to MCP. A significant induction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels were observed in cells exposed to MCP. Following the exposure of PC12 cells to MCP (10−5 M), the levels of protein and mRNA expressions of caspase-3/9, Bax, Bcl2, P53, P21, GSTP1-1 were significantly upregulated, whereas the levels of Bclw, Mcl1 were downregulated. A significant induction in the expression of CYP1A1/1A2, 2B1/2B2, 2E1 was also observed in PC12 cells exposed to MCP (10−5 M), whereas induction of CYPs was insignificant in cells exposed to 10−6 M concentration of MCP. We believe that this is the first report showing altered expressions of selected CYPs in MCP-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. These apoptotic changes were mitochondria mediated and regulated by caspase cascade. Our data confirm the involvement of specific CYPs in MCP-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and also identifies possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of organophosphate pesticide-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells